It is said that the Raja of Chempakasseri, Pooradam Thirunal Devanarayanan, built a temple at Ambalappuzha as suggested by the royal astrologers, but just before the installation of the deity (Lord Krishna) he was informed that the idol was not auspicious.
It was important to install a suitable idol immediately. Accordingly, the priests identified another idol of Lord Krishna, kept at the Karikulam temple in Kurichi. This idol was believed to have been given to Arjuna by Lord Krishna himself, and was therefore considered very sacred. After getting the idol from Karikulam temple, the Raja’s men set forth by boat for the return journey. While returning to Ambalappuzha, night set in, and, as instructed by the Raja, they took shelter at a Christian household, the home of Mappilassery Itty Thommen, in the village of Champakulam. Itty Thommen was a loyal subject and a confidant of the king.

Itty Thommen and his family received the men and the idol with great honour. The next day, the Raja and his entourage turned up at Mappilassery, accompanied by a huge mass of people. Pujas were offered to the deity and Itty Thommen and his men also travelled with the flotilla to Ambalapuzha where the idol was duly consecrated and installed with great fanfare. On the way, the people of Champakulam and adjoining areas, as well as the priests and laity of the Champakulam Kalloorkadu Church, honoured the Raja and the idol.

These events took place in 1545 A.D. The Raja, pleased with the love and affection shown to him by his Christian subjects, declared that henceforth, to commemorate these events, a great water carnival would be held at Champakulam every year, on Moolam day in the Malayalam month of Mithunam. Thus began the Champakulam Snake Boat Race and related functions, which continue to this day.

In 1613 A.D., sixty-three years after the idol was given shelter at Mappilassery, the old house was being demolished and a new one being built. Raja Devanarayanan’s successor heard the news and immediately sent word to Itty Thommen’s son, Kunhi Thommen that the area where the idol was kept, which was considered a devasthanam or sacred place, was to be specially demarcated and used only as a place of worship. Also, in keeping with Hindu practices, no menstruating women were to enter the room. A special lamp, made of rare metals, was given to the family, to be kept in this holy place, and perpetually burning, as an eternal flame. Special privileges were also conferred on the family, including the grant of lands and coconut groves to supply the oil for the lamp.

Even today, these practices continue. The lamp is kept perpetually burning. Every year priests and other delegates from the temple call at the house on Moolam day, with gifts and prasadam for the karanavar or head of the house. This ceremony is known as the Moolakazcha. It is believed that on Moolam Day, Lord Krishna resides not at the Temple, but at Mappilassery House! Reverentially, on unshod feet, the Temple delegates enter the prayer room, where along with Christian icons like the cross, and statues of Jesus and Mary, the lamp, known as the Vazhakoombu Vilakku is given a place of prominence. The temple representatives then venerate the lamp, and are treated by the family to a sumptuous feast. It is only after all these ceremonies, that the famous Champakulam Snake Boat Race commences.

Thus, for almost 500 years, this wonderful tradition, imbibing the best of Kerala’s fabled religious amity, has continued uninterrupted.

Every year of Aanayoottu, gaja pooja, is conducted. It is believed that offering poojas and delicious feed to the elephants is a way to satisfy Lord Ganesha—the god of wealth and of the fulfillment of wishes. The Vadakkunnathan temple, which is considered to be one of the oldest Shiva temples in southern India, has hosted the Aanayottoo event for the past few years.

The special feed of the elephants includes sugar-cane leaves, coconut, jaggery and the sweet mix of Ganapthi pooja prasadam. The feeding session begins with an offering by the chief priest of the temple—usually to an elephant calf. The festival presently involves sixteen elephants; the number was previously higher (around fifty), but was reduced following under direction of the district administration. During the festival, the elephants are fed on rice, jaggery, ghee, pineapples, and other local produce.

The elephants are hailed as sacred animals (a fact which explains the presence of elephants in the South Indian temples). Elephants are an integral part of Kerala culture, and elephants are integral to all fetivals, including the Aanayoottu. Many of the famous south Indian temples have a number of their own elephants; feeding these elephants are considered as auspicious. Looking in to these devotes feeling the temple authorities started these rejuvenation therapy as a public event named as ‘The Aanayoottoo Festival’.

Kerala borders the states of Tamil Nadu to the east and Karnataka to the north. It is also known for its backwaters, mountains, coconuts, spices and art forms like Kathakali and Mohini Attam. It is the most literate state in India, and a land of diverse religions, where you can find Hindu temples, mosques, churches, and even synagogues.

With world class tourist sporting options, ayurvedic spas and treatments, eco-tourism initiatives, a large number of visit options ranging from beautiful high altitude blue mountains to pristine rain forests to golden sun-sand beaches and an enormous range of accommodation, Kerala has much to offer the visitor.

One of the important tourist attraction, the Beach Festival is celebrated in the month of April. The youth also try many driving stunts in cars like drifting and wheeling in bikes as this is a paradise for driving along the shore. Approximately 100-200 meter south of the beach there is a private island called Dharmadam Island (Pacha Thuruthu in Malayalam, which translates to Green Island in English). It is possible to walk to the island during low tide.

Muzhappilangad Beach

Another significant of the beach is its cerenity smooth waves. One can venture into the sea by taking a walk up to few metres and easily back to the shore without any any hassle or danger.  Muzhappilangadu Thuruthu is in the middle of Anjarakandy River and is very near to Muzhappilangad beach.”Kandals” and rare birds are some of the beautiful sites of this “Thuruthu” . Journey round the Thuruthu in boat is attracting many of the tourists.

There is an unpaved road winding through coconut groves leading to the beach. To get to this road, if you are driving from Tellicherry towards Kannur, take the left turn just before the first railway crossing you encounter after crossing the Moidu bridge. The beach is about 5 km long and curves in a wide area providing a good view of Kannur on the north. Local laws allow beach goers to drive for a full 4 km directly on the sands of the beach.

The sand along the beach is firm enough to be driven on. Its possible to take the car/bike into the water and splash it all around, but only if you want to risk taking it into the salt water.

Muzhappilangad Beach

The beach is bordered by black rocks, which also protect it from the stronger currents of the ocean.The 4.5 Km Drive facility provide the beautifully landscape with soft wet sand drive in sunset time is unique experience which is thrilling.

The beauty of this beach is undoubtedly its tidiness. The local government with the help of women volunteers clean the beach every 3 hours to keep it tidy. For the time being at least this beach remains attractively less crowded. The shell strewn white sand here is almost divine. The sunset here is a sight to behold as the attached snaps truly confirm. It is a novel experience to get up early in the morning and mingle with the fisher folk as they start their day.

Muzhappilangadu is famous for “Thalappoli“, A three day festival celebrated in March at “Sree Koormba Temple“. In this festival devotees take Kalasham (a sacred brass receptacle) in a procession to the Temple to show their respect to the Goddess.

Muzhappilangad Beach

The drive-in-beach is fast developing tourist spot which is attracting both local and foreign people in large numbers.

The shores of the Muzhappilangad beach are lined with black boulders, which protects the shores from the lashing waves and also make a natural shallow place. One can easily swim in this natural shallow pool of water without having to fear the powerful currents. One can soak up the sun while lying lazily on the rocks. It is a beach lover’s paradise. The calm yet enthralling ambience of the beach is what makes it a popular getaway for tourists.

Bhoothathan Kunnu : High level observatory at “Bhoothathan Kunnu” attracts the travellers. Bird eye view of the neighboring village and sea as well as in the sea set point.

Muzhappilangad Beach

Dharmadam Thuruthu : Dharmadam Island (Green Island) is a small 2 hectare private island in the Kannur District of Kerala, southern India. It lies 100 metres from the Muzhappilangad Beach.  This island, covered with coconut palms and dense bush is a beautiful sight from the Muzhappilangad beach.

During low tide, one can walk out to it from the beach.  Permission is required to land on the island as it is privately owned. Dharmadam, known earlier as Dharmapattanam, was a Buddhist stronghold and plenty of Buddha statues were discovered from this island.  Dharmadam is located 8 km from the town of Thalassery.

1. Idukki

Though shadowed by the fabled beauty of the beaches and backwaters, the hill stations in Kerala on the Western Ghats are the repository of a different kind of wealth displayed in oblivion and irrespective of human interest. Nestled among the low hills of which a large part is a reserve forest, the virgin hill station of Idukki is one of the most popular in Kerala.

At an altitude of 750 to 2500 m above sea level the landscape at Idukki is scarred by the rivers Periyar, Thalayar and Thodupuzha rivers. The name Idukki is derived from the word Idukki meaning ‘a narrow gorge’ in Malayalam. The low green hills at Idukki make way for the meandering rivers to gurgle past its slopes. A sprawling 1500 sq. m area at Idukki is taken up by Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary which is home to an amazing range of wildlife. The Idukki district notably supplies about 66% of Kerala’s power consumption. The hydroelectric project at the Idukki Dam offers a sizable contribution. This dam is the world’s second and Asia’s first Arch Dam.With its aroma of its famous spices and the moist green hills Idukki is ready to get you drunk with its abundance.

Tourist Attractions

• Idukki wildlife Sanctuary
• Tea Plantations
• Spice Plantations
• Idukki Arch Dam
• Waterfalls at Keezar Kuthu

2. Munnar

Green and surrounded by the serenity of spectacular hills, the beautiful hill station redefines nature like never before. A part of “God’s Own Country”, Kerala, the beautiful hill station of Munnar is one of the most popular tourist destination of India, drawing a wide variety of people with the lure of her picturesque landscapes. Thus, whether you are a newly wed couple planning a honeymoon in Munnar or just planning a holiday in Munnar with your family, this beautiful district promises to charm!

The district of Munnar is characterized by being the confluence of three rives, the Mudrapuzha, Nallathanni and Kundala, which in turn gives the district its name as the word Munnar means “three rivers” in Tamil. Clean and pure, the district is also home to the famous Neelakurunji plant, which blooms only once in 12 years.

3. Pakshipathalam

Pakshipathalam Hills View – Kerala-Karnataka border, near Pakshipathalam.

A trekker’s paradise and one of the most uncorrupted hill stations of India, the pristine beauty of the quaint hill station of Pakshipathalam promises to sweep you off you your feet while on a visit to Pakshipathalam. Located around 7 kms to the north eastern portion of Thirunelli, Pakshipathalam can only be reached by trekking. A haven for several rare and exotic species of birds and animals, the lush, green deciduous forests of Pakshipathalam were once the meditating area for countless maharishis or saints of ancient India.

Today a wildlife lover’s paradise, a trip to Pakshipathalam is a must include in your tour itinerary of Kerala, drawing countless tourists to its lands with the lure of rich natural beauty. One of the major centers of Eco tourism in Kerala, Pakshipathalam is also located close to Kuruvadweep, an island which is renowned for its perfect ecological balance. Known for possessing the best soil for the growth of rare species of orchids and a number of other examples of flora, a trip to Kuruvadweep is a definite must include while on a holiday in Pakshipathalam.

4. Peerumedu

Named after a Sufi saint Peer Mohamed, Peerumedu is blessed with a history that forms one of its most important attractions. Located around 85 km to the east of Kottayam, the weather of Peerumedu is invitingly cool and moist, a perfect excuse for that weekend getaway to Peerumedu. The green slopes of the region are also the perfect place for newly weds to be if they are keen on a honeymoon in Peerumedu. Surrounded by rich plantations of tea, coffee, cardamom, rubber and eucalyptus, the entirety of Peerumedu is enveloped with a fragrance that is heady and delightfully intoxicating!

5. Silent Valley

One of the prettiest hill stations in India, the Silent Valley is a must visit while planning a trip to Kerala. The Silent Valley is also one of the most important national parks and wildlife sanctuaries of India, with its natural beauty being the perfect background for the comfort of a number of rare species of flora and fauna. Much of the natural charm of the Silent Valley is still well preserved today, with the scenic landscape of the Valley also being home to a number of aboriginal tribes mainly led by the Kurumbar Tribes, who make the tour to the Silent Valley even more special by their rustic charm.

The scenic slopes of the Silent Valley are home to a number of rare species of birds, animals and plants which include:

• Ceylon Frog mouth
• Great Indian Horn-bill
• Nilgiri Laughing Thrush Or The Rufus-Breasted Laughing thrush
• Long-Legged Buzzard
• Red Winged Crested Cuckoo
• Malabar Pied Horn-bill
• Nilgiri Laughing Thrush
• Pale Harrier
• Nilgiri Pipit
• Nilgiri Wood-Pigeon
• Nilgiri Flycatcher
• Nilgiri Laughing Thrush
• Black Bulbul

6. Vagamon

At an altitude of 1100 m and 65 km from Idukki district and 60 km from Kottayam Vagamon made up of the Thangal hills, the Kurisumala and the Murugan hills. Perched high among green tea plantations and gurgling streams, Vagamon or Wagamon ensures an exhilarating and soothing haven for trekkers and hikers. Strolling through he nature walks in Vagamon, you might come across elephants frolicking in pools juts like that. With a rich and varied range of flora and fauna Vagamon is ideal for all those seeking a travel experience with a difference.

Tourist Attractions

• Kurisumala (Christian Pilgrimage)
• Kurisumala Dairy Farm
• Unique rock formation at Thangal para an Indo-Swiss project
• Tea Plantations

How to Reach : Vagamon is well connected by road to Kottayam, Palai and Idukki. A 2 – 2 ½ hrs (approx) drive from any of these places will take you to Vagamon.

7. Wayanad

Wayanad Hills

Located in the north eastern section of the state of Kerala, the beautiful district of Wayanad is one of the most popular hill stations of India. Surrounded by lush green, sloping plains of spice plantation, a trip to Wayanad is a must include if you are planning a tour to Kerala.

Wayanad is located on the summit of the Deccan Plateau on its southern side with the Western Ghats running through it. Blessed by nature with lush, tropical forests, undulating slopes through which a number of smooth flowing rivers run across and a climate that promises to charm, the serene hill station of Wayanad remains even today uncorrupted by modernity and thus, is generally regarded to be one of the most popular tourist destinations of Kerala. A definite must-visit while on a holiday in Kerala.

8. Devikulam

Located 16 km south west of Munnar at an altitude of 1800 m, Devikulam meaning the lake of the goddess, derived its name from the goddess Sita . Legend has it that Sita and her husband lord Rama , from the Ramayana , came down to frolic in the mountain lake here. That lake has been christened Sitadevi Lake after the goddess. The emerald waters of the lake hidden behind green slopes, gives you reason enough to believe and know why the goddess chose this place of many others- she must have mistaken it for heaven.

Tourist Attractions

• Sitadevi Lake
• TRout Fishing in the Lake
• Pallivasal waterfall
• Tea Plantations
• Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary
• Mangalam Devi Temple
• Marayur Sandal Forests

How to Reach Devikulam : Devikulam can be reached from both Kottayam and Kochi. The distance from Kochi is 149 km (4 hr drive) and that from Kottayam is 132 km (4 ½ hr drive).

Travel Tips

• The climate is mild with a slight chill after nightfall so carry cotton shawls and jackets
• If you want to fish in the lake seek permission from Tata Tea
• Enjoy treks along the hill slopes away from the metal road.

9. Malampuzha

Being the base on which the longest river of Kerala, the Bharathappuzha flows over the green undulating slopes of the Western Ghats, the beautiful hill station of Malampuzha is a must visit while on a tour to Kerala. Sleepy and straight out of a picture book, a visit to Malampuzha promises to be the dream vacation you have always desired. Home to several tourist attractions, it is hardly surprising that the quaint hill station of Malampuzha is today one of the most popular tourist destinations of Kerala.

10. Ponmudi

Ponmudi – Trivandrum

Rolling at an altitude of 610 m, Ponmudi (meaning the Golden Peak in Malayalam) is the least haunted by tourists and therefore the most peaceful of all Kerala hill stations. Embellished with rapids flowing over the road, and misty peaks thronged by an exotic vegetation, Ponmudi is a hiker’s and trekker’s paradise. At a distance of 61 km (1 ½ hrs drive) from Thiruvanthapuram, Ponmudi offers to soothe your work worn mind and body to rejuvenation. Hike through the slopes of tea gardens to watch the pickers at work or fish in the emerald waters of the Kallar River to make the most of Ponmudi.

How to Reach : Ponmudi is at a distance of 61 km north east of Thiruvanthapuram which house the nearest rail and air terminal. On the Thiruvanthapuram-Nedumangad-Chenkotta Highway after Agasthyakoodam and Golden Valley comes Ponmudi.

Travel Tips

• Beware of leeches, carry common salt
• If you want to witness the Aranamula boat race, visit during Aranamula festival (August- September)
• Trek to the tea plantations to watch the expertise of the pickers at close quarters
• Carry warm clothing as the nights are chil

11. Topstation

A land of undulating hills and valleys, cool breezes, fresh and balmy air and hospitable people, Top-station is a land where tranquility is a breath of life. Unveil the magic of Top-station and enjoy an exotic holiday at this lush hill station. Top-station is home to extensive tea plantations that flourish in the cool and soothing clime. The rare Neelakurinji (Strobilanthus) – the flower that blooms only once in 12 years, grows in this region, and features as one of the key attractions of the hill resort.

When the Neelakurinji flower blooms, the valleys and meadows of Topstation are all painted in various hues of blue, presenting viewers with an incredibly beautiful sight. You must visit Topstation to bask in the scenic mist-clad beauty, sprawling tea gardens, luxuriant forests and vivid cultural traditions. Top station also also delights visitors with spectacular views of the Tamil Nadu – Kerala border and the neighboring forests.

12. Vythiri

Vythiri Lake Resort – Hill Station

Imagine walking around soft undulating hills, surrounded by lush green plantations in a weather that is wet, cool and a perfect complement to the pristine ambience all around. Welcome to the Wayanad district of Kerala, a must visit while on a tour to “God’s Own Country”! If you are planning a holiday in Kerala, make sure you include a trip to Vythiri, a beautiful hill resort tucked away amidst the green slopes of the Western Ghats in Wayanad.

13. Attappady

Attapady Hills

Located on the north eastern section of the Palakkad district on the northern portion of the state of Kerala, also known as “God’s Own Country”, is one of the most popular tourist destinations of Kerala, the beautiful hill station of Attappady. Surrounded by lush green, undulating hills, the beautiful region of Attappady is a definite must visit if you are planning a trip to Kerala.

Located amidst the picturesque slopes of the Western Ghats, the pristine beauty of Attappady is further accentuated by the many rivulets of the Bhavani River, which murmur softly as they flow along the several twists and turns of the mountainous terrain of the one of the most uncorrupted hill stations of India.

14. HILL STATIONS OF KERALA – NELLIAMPATHI

Nelliampathi is a popular hill station 60 km away from Palakkad in Kerala a small state in south India. It is famous for its tea and coffee plantations and the excellent weather condition.

The Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary is spread across 777 km² (300 sq. miles), of which 360 km² (139 sq. miles) is thick evergreen forest. The Wild Life Sanctuary, declared a Tiger Reserve in 1978 and the splendid artificial lake formed by the Mullaiperiyar Dam across the Periyar River adds to the charm of the park. The greatest attraction of Periyar are the herds of wild elephants that come down to play in the lake.

Thekkady, India’s largest wildlife sanctuary is a dream destination for any tourist visiting India. This sanctuary is spread over an area of 777 Sq.Kms, surrounded by an artificial lake over an area of 25 Sq.Kms.

Elephants in Tiger Reserve

The Country’s sole Tiger reserve, Thekkady, with its bountiful treasures of tropical flora and fauna is the ultimate reservoir of many an endangered species and a rich tribal culture. Thekkady is a pleasant heaven on earth for those who love nature in its wild manifestations.

Periyar National Park

Periyar is a protected area, and a nature reserve in the South Indian State of Kerala, set high in the mountains of the Western Ghats at the border to Tamil Nadu. It lies in the districts of Idukki and Pathanamthitta. The protected area covers an area of 925 km², out of which a 350 km² part of the core zone was made into the Periyar National Park and Tiger Reserve, sometimes dubbed the Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary. The park is often called by the name thekkady also. Thekkady is located four km from Kumily, approximately 100 km east of Kottayam, 110 km west of Madurai and 120 km southeast from Kochi.

Periyar National Park

The Periyar National Park is spread over an area of about 777 km² and comprises a thick evergreen forest with exotic wild life. The sanctuary was declared a tiger reserve sometime in 1978. It has an artificial lake formed by the Mullaperiyar Dam, built in 1895 across the Periyar river.

Approximately 75% of the entire protected area are covered of unaffected evergreen or semi-evergreen rain forest. They reach heights of 40 to 50 Metres. Scarcely 13% consists of damp leaves forest, 7% of Eucalyptus plantation and 1.5% of grassland. The remainder (around 3.5%) of the protected area is covered by the Periyar artificial lake as well as the Periyar River and Pamba rivers.

Periyar National Park

The invertebrate fauna of Periyar is not well documented, though the predominant invertebrate orders are Protozoa, Annelida, Arthropoda and Mollusca. 160 butterfly species have been listed.

Among the 62 species of mammals, many are rare, endemic and endangered. Periyar is prime elephant country and large herds are often sighted at the lake fringes. There is an estimated population of 900-1000 animals which is likely to overlap with the population in the adjoining forest areas.

A much disproportionate sex ratio of the elephant is found in Periyar and adult tuskers are far too few. Gaur, among the largest of bovines, occurs in all types of habitats. Gaur have staged a remarkable comeback after their near demise due to a rinderpest outbreak in the 70s.

Sambar, the largest deer in India, are extensively distributed and constitute the principal prey base of tiger and wild dog. Wild pig has wide distribution throughout the park. Sometimes, these animals invade agricultural lands often leading to man-wildlife conflicts. Small relict populations of the highly endangered Nilgiri Tahr are found in the high altitude grasslands of Mangaladevi. Four of the five primate species found in the Western Ghats are well represented in Periyar.

While the Nilgiri Langur enjoys a wide distribution in the moist forests, the highly endangered Lion Tailed Macaque are confined to the dense evergreen canopies. Malabar Giant Squirrel is common in the area. Though the presence of the endangered species, Small Travancore Flying Squirrel, is recorded from Periyar, the Large Flying Squirrel is more frequently seen.

Thekkady Wild Life Reserve

Mammals : Altogether 62 different kinds of mammal have been recorded in Periyar, including many threatened ones. There are an estimated 53 tigers(2010) in the reserve. Tourists also come here to view the Indian elephants in the act of ablution and playfulness by the Periyar lake. Other mammals found here include gaur, sambar (horse deer), barking deer, mouse deer, Dholes (Indian wild dogs), mongoose, foxes and leopards. Also inhabiting the park, though rarely seen, are the elusive Nilgiri tahr.

Four species of primates are found at Periyar – the rare lion-tailed macaque, the Nilgiri Langur, the common langur, and the Bonnet Macaque.

Birds : So far 320 different kinds have been counted in Periyar. The bird life includes darters, cormorants, kingfishers, the great Malabar hornbill and racket-tailed Drongos.

Reptiles : There are 45 different kinds of reptile in the protected area out of which there are 30 snake, two turtle, and 13 lizard species. Among those are Monitor lizards that can be spotted basking in the sun on the rocks along the lake shore. Visitors who trek into the Periyar national park often see a Python and sometimes even a King Cobra.

The Cardamom Hills

Cardamom Hills are part of the southern Western Ghats located in southeast Kerala and Southwest Tamil Nadu in South India. Their name comes from the cardamom spice grown in much of the hill’s cool elevation, which also grow pepper and coffee. The Western Ghats, Periyar Sub-Cluster including the Cardamom Hills, is under consideration by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee for selection as a World Heritage Site.

The Cardamom Hills – Thekkady

Murikkady

This place consists of spice and coffee plantations. It is about 5 km from Thekkady. Located at a distance of 5 km from Thekkady, Murikkady is growing in importance as a place for picnic in Kerala due to the clean and pure spice scented air that one can breathe in Murikkady.

Chellar Kovil

Just 15 km from Kumily, the small village of Chellarkovil is famous for its beautiful views of the cascading waterfalls and lush green plains that slope down into the Cumbum coconut groves. The natural picturesque scenic views amidst unspoiled nature are a treat to city dwellers.

Anakkara

Located at about 13km from Kumily on the Kumily-Munnar road, Anakkara is an upcoming spice tourism destination in the state. There is also a new airport proposed at Anakkara and is under review by the Airports Authority of India.

There are two factors that make Anakkara a tourist destination. One is its spice plantations and the other the many picnic spots in and around Anakkara, suitable for tourists visiting the many prominent tourist destinations in the district such as Thekkady and Munnar.

Periyar Lake at Thekkady

Mangala Devi Temple

It is situated about 15 km from Thekkady and sits at an altitude of 1337 m above sea level. It is surrounded by lush greenery and is closed throughout the year except during the Chitra Pournami festival. At other times tourists can still view it by getting a special letter from the forest ranger. The view from the temple premises is spectacular and one can see part of eastern ghats and some villages from adjacent state of Tamil Nadu.

Aruvikuzhi Falls(Pandikuzhi)

A stream falls from Chellarkovil into the planes of Tamil Nadu from a height of about 1200 ft, giving the place a picture perfect view. However, this is a highly dangerous place with no safety warnings or fences. Utmost care should be taken while visiting this place, especially when you are trying to take that perfect picture of the water fall.

Ottakathalamedu

Literally meaning “Camel’s Head shaped Hillock”, this is a peak about 1400m above sea-level. From here, tourists can get a panoramic view of the landscape of Anakkara and surrounding villages and also sunset.

What you can Do

Nature Walk : The guided day trek. Different nature trails traversing diverse habitats form the trekking routes, generally 4 to 5 km in length. This is an interpretive programme offering excellent opportunity to watch birds, butterflies and other wildlife. The trails often pass through evergreen and moist deciduous forests interspersed with marshy grasslands. The programme is offered between 7AM and 10:30AM and between 2PM and 3PM and lasts for about 3 hours. A maximum of 5 persons can go for trekking at a time along each nature trail, accompanied by a trained tribal guide. The Nature walk is the right programme to feel nature, hear her whispers and smell her flowers.

The Periyar Tiger Trail : The programme is unique in being conducted by a team of poachers who turned protectors of the forests. The team members are hardy and dependable with an intimate knowledge of the forest terrain. The programmes are 1 night/2 days and 2 nights/3 days. The first day’s trek starts at 12 noon and ends by noon in the second or third day. Here, one may chance to encounter much indigenous wildlife like Nilgiri langur, giant squirrel, elephant and who knows, even the tiger! The trek route passes through hills and valleys with a variety of tropical plants and wide-open spaces.

Enroute vegetarian meals will be prepared and served and country tents will be pitched for holing up in the night. Trekking groups are accompanied by armed forest guards with good communication equipments, and geared to face any emergency situation. Remember to listen to unusual and strange adventure stories of the former poachers, now your guides and protectors of the forests. Preconditions for joining the tiger trail: Visitors who are medically fit and aged between 15 – 65 are advised to take the tiger trail. Visitors should be serious nature lovers willing to sacrifice some of the luxuries and comforts of a hotel.

Bamboo Rafting : This is a dawn to dusk range hiking and rafting programme through some of the richest forest tracts of Periyar Tiger Reserve. Starting at 8AM from the boat landing, a mosaic of habitats will be traversed before the party gets into rafts made of bamboos. The forests are rich in bird life and arboreal animals like giant squirrel and Nilgiri langur. The rafting is for about three hours and one gets a panoramic view of forest-clad hills reflected on the lake. Animals like elephant, gaur and sambar are sighted keeping close to the edges of the lake.

Bamboo Rafting At Thekkady

Boating : Boat cruises on the Periyar Lake. Typical boat ride will be for 2 hour & cost INR 50 per person.

The best way to explore Periyar is by taking a boat ride around the lake. You can go on elephant rides and cruises on the lake or go on long treks. The best time to go for a walk through the jungle is early morning or dusk. Hike down to the ruined Mangaladevi temple – a beautiful old stone temple situated in the heart of the Thekkady forest. A visit to Thekkady is a delightful experience.

The meaning of the name Thiruvanathapuram is as follows :

Thiru (Holy) + Ananthan ( A Hindu God ) + Puram ( Home ), which means Home of His Holiness Ananthan

The city gets its name from the word, Thiru-anantha-puram, meaning the “Abode of Lord Ananta”.[12] The name derives from the deity of the Hindu temple at the centre of the city. Anantha is the serpent Shesha on whom Padmanabhan or Vishnu reclines. The temple of Vishnu reclining on Anantha, the Sri Padmanabhaswamy temple remains the iconic landmark of the city. The city was officially referred to as Trivandrum in English until 1991, when the government decided to reinstate the city’s original name Thiruvananthapuram in all languages.

With almost 745,000 inhabitants per the 2001 census, it is the largest and most populous city in Kerala; the wider urban agglomeration has a population of more than one million. Apart from being the IT hub of the state with over 80% of the state’s software exports,Thiruvananthapuram ranks first in the number of international tourists in Kerala also.

The city is the state capital and houses many central and state government offices, organizations and companies. Apart from being the political nerve centre of Kerala, it is also a major academic hub and is home to several educational institutions including the University of Kerala, and to many science and technology institutions, the most prominent being the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Technopark, the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST) and the Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research (IISER). It is also considered as one of the cleanest cities in India.

The Capital City of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, is the southern most district of Kerala, sharing a close cultural relationship with the adjoining State of Tamil Nadu. Besides its administrative significance, the district was the former seat of the erstwhile royal family of Travancore, who ruled the province with the grace of Lord Padmanabha, the presiding deity at the Sri Padmanabha Swamy Temple. The present day Thiruvananthapuram has a melange of socio-cultural setup and is known to travelers for its enchanting beaches, picnic spots and sites of historic significance.

Geography

Thiruvananthapuram is built on seven hills by the sea shore and is located at 8°30′N 76°54′E / 8.5°N 76.9°E / 8.5; 76.9 on the west coast, near the southern tip of mainland India.The city situated on the west coast of India, and is bounded by Arabian Sea to its west and the Western Ghats to its east. The city spans an area of 141.74 km2 (54.73 sq mi) and the greater metropolitan area spans an area of 250 km2 (96.53 sq mi). The average elevation of the city is 16 ft (4.9 m) above sea level. The Geological Survey of India has identified Thiruvananthapuram as a moderately earthquake-prone urban centre and categorized the city in the Seismic III Zone.

Thiruvananthapuram lies on the shores of Karamana and Killi rivers. Thiruvallam and Veli backwaters lies in the city. The area can be divided into two geographical regions, the midlands and the lowlands. The midland region comprises low hills and valleys adjoining the Western Ghats. The lowland is a narrow stretch comprising shorelines, rivers and deltas, dotted with coconut palms.Vellayani Lake, the largest freshwater lake in the district, is in the suburbs of the city.

There are highlands, which form the eastern suburbs of the city. The highest point in the district is the Agasthyarkoodam which rises 1869 m above sea level. Ponmudi and Mukkunimala are hill-resorts near the city.

Climate

The city has a climate that borders between a tropical savanna climate and a tropical monsoon climate. As a result it does not experience distinct seasons. The mean maximum temperature 34 °C and the mean minimum temperature is 21 °C. The humidity is high and rises to about 90% during the monsoon season. Thiruvananthapuram is the first city along the path of the south-west monsoons and gets its first showers in early June. The city gets heavy rainfall of around 1700 mm per year. The city also gets rain from the receding north-east monsoons which hit the city by October. The dry season sets in by December. December, January and February are the coldest months while March, April and May are the hottest. The lowest temperature recorded during winter was 15 °C, and the highest temperature recorded in summer is 37 °C.

Transport

Within the city, city buses, taxis and autorickshaws provide means of transportation. Scooters, motorcycles and regular bicycles are the favored means of personal transportation.

The NH-47, which runs from Salem to Kanyakumari, passes through the city. It connects important southern cities such as Coimbatore and Salem in north direction and Nagercoil in south direction.[64] The Main Central Road (MC Road) which is the arterial State Highway in Kerala starts from NH-47 at Kesavadasapuram in the city. The intra-city public transport is dominated by the state-owned KSRTC (Kerala State Road Transport Corporation). There are also bus service operated by private operators and provides access within city limits and beyond. The city services of KSRTC operate from six depots namely, the City depot, Vikas Bhavan, Peroorkada, Pappanamcode, Kaniyapuram and Vellanad.

There are five railway stations within the city limits including the Thiruvananthapuram central station. Thiruvananthapuram Pettah, Kochuveli railway station and Veli Railway station are located towards north direction and Thiruvananthapuram Nemom is located south direction from the central station. The Central railway station is located at Thampanoor in the heart of the city, 8 km from the airport. It is the is the largest and busiest railway station in the state.

Thiruvananthapuram’s International Airport, with direct flights from the Middle East, Singapore, Maldives, Malaysia and Sri Lanka is the gateway to the tourism-rich state of Kerala. It is considered as one of the best airport in the country and one of the major advantage of the airport is the flights can be operated on all weather conditions.The airport is approximately 3.7 kilometres (2.3 mi) due west from the city center. Apart from regular scheduled flights, many chartered flights from Europe like First Choice Airways from London Gatwick and Monarch, operating with big jets, land here during the peak tourist season (around December) with Kerala fast becoming a prime tourist destination in India.

Places to Visit

The Zoological Park : One of the first zoos in India, it was established as early as 1859. A reptile house with different species of snakes and a vulture house are also located within the premises. Plastic is banned inside the park. Entrance fee:

Sree Chithra Enclave : Opened in 1993, this museum depicts the history of the Travancore Royal Family and displays their personal belongings and artifacts. Old newspaper footage and deeds describing events are also exhibited.

Priyadarshini Planetarium : Opened in 1994 to the public, this is one of the most versatile planetariums in the country. The main GM-11 star field projector here can project almost all the constituents of the visible universe. It can also simulate the star-studded night sky over any location on the earth, on any day up to 12,500 years back or 12,500 years into the future.

Chacha Nehru Children’s Museum : Children of all ages will enjoy the vast collection of nearly 2000 dolls, stamps and masks displayed here.

Shankhumugham BeachShankhumugham Beach : This place is a favourite haunt of sunset watchers. An indoor recreation club, the matsya kanyaka (a gigantic, 35 m long sculpture of a mermaid) and a restaurant shaped like a starfish are some of the attractions here. The Chacha Nehru Traffic Training Park here gives children the opportunity to learn the traffic rules.

Akkulam Tourist Village : Akkulam Tourist Village is situated almost 11 kilometers from the Thiruvananthapuram city which is located within the country of Kerala. Travel to Akkulam Tourist Village which is an attractive picnic spot destination of the region. Akkulam Tourist Village in Trivandrum is set along the banks of the Akkulam Lake which is a part of the Veli Lake.

Veli Tourist Village : VeliThis picnic spot, where the Veli Lake meets the Arabian Sea, offers boating facilities. Pedal boats and paddle boats can be hired to explore the charms of the lagoon in a leisurely manner. For a quick ride over the waters, speed boats are available for hire. Children can also enjoy climbing over the huge sculptures which dot the landscape.

Aruvikkara Dam : It is situated 16kms north of Thiruvananthapuram. It is gifted with lavish scenic beauty and this international renowned beach resort has been a favorite haunt for tourists since 1930′s. On the banks of the river, an ancient temple is situated which is dedicated to Durga.

Neyyar Dam : Located on the foot of the Western Ghats about 30 km from Thiruvananthapuram, it was established in 1958 and is a popular picnic spot. Lying against the southern low hills of the Western Ghats, Neyyar Dam has a beautiful lake.

Meshan Mani (Clock) : On the eastern side of Padmanabha Swamy Temple, installed in 1833 during the reign of Swathi Thirunal, is the Meshan Mani (clock). It has on its dial, a man’s face with two goats on either side. Crafted from mahogany by an artisan called Kulathooran, every time the clock completes an hour, the man opens his mouth and the goats hit his cheeks.

Sree Chithra Art Gallery : The Art Gallery features a unique collection of traditional and contemporary Indian art. It is one of the few art galleries in India, which boasts the finest exhibits of both ancient and modern schools of Indian art.

KCS Panicker Gallery : Nominated as one of the nine eminent artists of India, Kerala’s renowned painter Panicker, was born in 1911. He was instrumental in setting up the Progressive Painters Association in Madras from 1944 to 1953. An artist who set a new trend, the gallery traces his works over a period.

Natural History Museum : The Natural History Museum opened its doors to visitors’ way back in the year 1885. However the building in which it is presently housed was constructed only in 1964. It is a modern two storied building. One of the advantages of a visit to this museum is that it may be possible for you to visit two museums on a single trip.

Science and Technology Museum Complex : The museum houses galleries on electricity, electronics, power & motion, mechanics, popular science, mathematics, solar energy as well as automobile, computer and biomedical engineering.

St. Joseph’s Cathedral, Palayam : This 137-year old grand monumental Gothic structure has a moderate beginning. The initial Church was constructed in 1873 as a Parish Church to look after the spiritual needs of a few Catholic military men and a few Catholic families who mainly migrated from the coastal region of erstwhile Travancore state, comprising of the present Kanyakumari and Trivandrum Districts.

Kerala Legislature Complex : Kerala Legislature Complex situated between Palayam and PMG Junction in Thiruvananthapuram is a beautiful blend of classical splendor and modernity. It is a new building where the legislative assembly of Kerala meets. The complex sports a towering dome, exquisitely carved galleries, ornate teak paneling and ceiling. It is provided with the most modern, state-of-the-art sound systems.

The Folklore Museum : The folklore museum is displayed in the Koickal palace and was established in 1992 . The museum contains an extensive collection of musical instruments of all types, implements used in day to day occupation, utensils models of various folk art etc. The museum aims to give a look into the ancient culture of the state.

The Numismatics Museum : The coins here belong to different parts of the world as well as to different eras. The rare and historically valuable collection of coins give an insight into the trade relations of the State. Among the exhibits is the most valuable Indian coin – the 2500-year-old Karsha and Rasi, as also the world’s smallest coins.

Sree Mahadeva Temple : Located on the eastern side of NH 47 at a distance of 18 km north of Trivandrum. The name of the temple seems to have emerged from the progenitor of the temple, Kalakkoth maharishi (sage). The temple is now being managed by the Travancore Devaswom Board.

Kallar : Kallar is small town in Thiruvananthapuram district in Kerala, India. Kallar is 45 km from Thiruvananthapuram, while the town of Ponmudi is a further 15 km away. The majestic Vamanapuram River flows through the town. Torrential rain can raise the level of the river and sweep away things that come in its way; recently, several dental college students of Trivandrum lost their lives in flash floods. Many varieties of birds and trees can be also be seen in and around Kallar.

Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary : The Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary constitutes the catchments of the Peppara Dam on the Karamana River near Thiruvananthapuram, India. The Peppara Dam was commissioned in 1983 to augment the drinking water supply to Thiruvananthapuram city and suburban areas.

Ponmudi : Ponmudi (Malayalam: പൊന്മുടി)(The Golden Peak) is a hillstation in the Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala in South India. Its located 61 km north-east of Trivandrum city at an altitude of 1100 m. It is a part of the Western Ghats mountain range that runs parallel to the Arabian Sea.

Agasthyakoodam : Agasthyakoodam is the second highest peak in Kerala, at a height of 1890mts above sea level and is a part of the Sahyadri range of mountains.It is 60 Kms North East of Trivandrum.The mountain is revered by both Buddhists and Hindus, as it is believed to be the abode of the Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara as well as of the sage Agastya, a disciple of Shiva.

Kappil Priyadarshini Boat Club And Beach : Kappil boat club is a recent venture in the back water tourism in the area. Kappil is 6kms north of Varkala. The people travelling in trains and buses through the area can enjoy the scenic beauty of the estuary in between Edava and Kappil . It is fascinating. Vettekkada, near Kappil and Varkala is a spectacular beach.

Its unique culture and traditions, coupled with its varied demographics, has made Kerala one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world. Growing at a rate of 13.31%, the state’s tourism industry is a major contributor to the state’s economy. Until the early 1980s, Kerala was a relatively unknown destination; most tourist circuits focused on North India.

Aggressive marketing campaigns launched by the Kerala Tourism Development Corporation, the government agency that oversees tourism prospects of the state, laid the foundation for the growth of the tourism industry. In the decades that followed, Kerala’s tourism industry was able to transform the state into one of the niche holiday destinations in India.

The tagline Kerala- God’s Own Country has been widely used in Kerala’s tourism promotions and soon became synonymous with the state. In 2006, Kerala attracted 8.5 million tourist arrivals, an increase of 23.68% over the previous year, making the state one of the fastest-growing destinations in the world.

It is a unique experience that will beckon the visitors time and time again as there are several activities for visitors. The Bird Sanctuary can be visited by canoes, which can be arranged with local fishermen at the entrance to the sanctuary. A two-hour rowing canoe trip is quite cheap, and is best undertaken in the evening or early morning to avoid the afternoon sun. House boats or speed boats can cover longer distances but cost more to hire.